This course introduces participants to the logic and foundations of case-oriented and set-theoretic methods. We discuss perspectives on causality, case-orientation in empirical social research, and the main features of set-theoretic methods. We will reflect about different types of research questions, evidence and observations, causal complexity, causal effects, causal mechanisms, and context. The course then covers basics of set theory, measurement and set calibration, logical operations, and the logic of necessary and sufficient conditions as set relations. We will apply these notions by looking at different ways of defining, structuring, and operationalizing concepts and cases. We look at different areas of application.